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Gardening How-To – Tips & Growing Instructions: Iris
In early fall, plant
your Dutch
Iris (Iris Xiphium) bulbs 3-4" deep and 3-4" apart in light,
fertile, well-drained soil. Dutch Iris
prefer bright, sunny locations but can live in partial shade. If you
have clay-heavy soil, add some coarse sand and humus. Irises enjoy
a low-nitrogen fertilizer. Set the bulb firmly to hold the plant in
place. Make sure the bulb is near the surface. Firm the soil tightly and allow enough for settling to keep the bulbs
above any possible standing water. The top of the bulb should be just beneath the surface of the soil. If
you have several plants, plant them at least a foot and a half apart,
"facing" the same way.
Japanese Iris prefer bright, sunny locations but can live in partial shade. They require high soil moisture and a fair amount of feeding throughout their growth period.
Space plants 2
feet or more apart in heavy soil, amended with compost and peat. No
lime! Wait until you see new growth before fertilizing, then feed again
just before bloom. Japanese
Iris are also a favorite water plant grown in containers in pond
shallows. The best time to plant bearded iris is July through September. This allows enough time for the flowers to become established before winter. In a well-cultivated bed, dig a shallow hole large enough for the rhizome clump. Create a mound of soil in the center of the hole. Make sure the mound is high enough to allow the top of the rhizome to poke out slightly above the soil level. Spread the roots around the mound, fill it with soil and water. For a colorful group planting, plant at least three rhizomes (about 8-10” apart) or plant undivided clumps. Be sure to point each fan of leaves away from the center of the group. Before flowering, water plants often enough to keep the soil moist but not soaked. Apply mulch to fall-planted irises to reduce winter heaving.
Over time iris clumps
become crowded and the blooms may suffer. But it is easy to spread out
your irises and encourage new growth. In late summer, carefully lift
the entire clump with a garden fork. Cut apart the new, younger
sections from the original center rhizome, then replant. You may want
to let the rhizomes dry in the sun for a day before replanting. Unless
you see new buds coming off the center rhizome, discard it -- it is
past its prime and unlikely to bloom a second time. The “babies” are
what you want to save.
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